輕型鋼結構是一種以冷彎薄壁型鋼、熱軋輕型型鋼（如 H 型鋼、角鋼、槽鋼等）為主要承重構件，配合輕質圍護材料（如彩鋼板、夾芯板）組成的結構體系，具有重量輕、跨度大、施工快、抗震性好等特點，廣泛應用于工業廠房、倉庫、展覽館、辦公樓、別墅等建筑領域。

Light steel structure is a structural system mainly composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel and hot-rolled lightweight steel (such as H-beams, angle steels, channel steels, etc.) as load-bearing components, combined with lightweight enclosure materials (such as color steel plates, sandwich panels). It has the characteristics of light weight, large span, fast construction, and good seismic resistance, and is widely used in industrial plants, warehouses, exhibition halls, office buildings, villas and other construction fields.

承重結構：核心受力骨架

Load bearing structure: core load-bearing skeleton

承重結構是輕型鋼結構的 “骨架”，負責傳遞建筑的自重、活荷載（如人員、設備重量）、風荷載、雪荷載等，主要包括以下構件：

The load-bearing structure is the "skeleton" of lightweight steel structures, responsible for transmitting the self weight, live loads (such as personnel and equipment weight), wind loads, snow loads, etc. of the building, mainly including the following components:

水平方向的主要承重構件，承受豎向荷載并傳遞給柱，常見形式有H 型鋼梁（熱軋或焊接）、冷彎 C/Z 型鋼檁條（次梁，支撐圍護面板）。

The main load-bearing component in the horizontal direction, which bears vertical loads and transfers them to columns, commonly takes the form of H-shaped steel beams (hot-rolled or welded) and cold-formed C/Z-shaped steel purlins (secondary beams, supporting enclosure panels).

垂直方向的承重構件，將梁傳遞的荷載傳遞給基礎，常見形式有H 型鋼柱、方管柱，根據受力特點可設計為等截面或變截面（如柱頂截面小、柱底截面大，優化受力）。

Vertical load-bearing components transfer the load transmitted from the beam to the foundation. Common forms include H-shaped steel columns and square tube columns, which can be designed with equal or variable cross-sections based on their stress characteristics (such as small top and large bottom cross-sections, optimizing stress).

分為水平支撐（如屋面水平支撐、柱間水平支撐）和豎向支撐（如柱間支撐），作用是抵抗水平荷載（風、地震），保證結構的整體剛度和穩定性，防止構件發生側向失穩。

It is divided into horizontal support (such as roof horizontal support, column to column horizontal support) and vertical support (such as column to column support), which serve to resist horizontal loads (wind, earthquake), ensure the overall stiffness and stability of the structure, and prevent lateral instability of components.

圍護結構：輕質、節能的 “外衣”

Enclosure structure: a lightweight and energy-saving "outer layer"

圍護結構不承擔主要承重，主要功能是遮風擋雨、保溫隔熱、隔聲，且重量輕（減輕結構荷載），常見材料包括：

The enclosure structure does not bear the main load-bearing capacity, and its main functions are to provide shelter from wind and rain, thermal insulation, sound insulation, and is lightweight (reducing structural loads). Common materials include:

屋面系統：

Roof system:

面板：彩色壓型鋼板（單層或夾芯板，夾芯材料多為巖棉、玻璃棉、聚氨酯，兼具保溫和防火性能），板型多為 YX 系列（如 YX25-210-840），通過自攻螺釘固定在檁條上。

Panel: Colored profiled steel sheet (single-layer or sandwich panel, with sandwich materials mostly made of rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, and possessing both insulation and fire resistance properties), mostly of YX series (such as YX25-210-840), fixed to purlins with self tapping screws.

配件：天溝（收集雨水，材質多為彩鋼板或不銹鋼）、屋脊蓋板、泛水板（密封屋面與墻體、天窗的縫隙，防止漏水）。

Accessories: gutter (collecting rainwater, mostly made of color steel plate or stainless steel), ridge cover plate, flashing plate (sealing the gaps between the roof, wall, and skylight to prevent water leakage).

墻面系統：

Wall system:

面板：與屋面類似，多為彩色夾芯板，部分建筑采用玻璃幕墻或鋁單板（提升美觀性）。

Panel: Similar to roofs, it is mostly made of colored sandwich panels, and some buildings use glass curtain walls or aluminum veneers to enhance aesthetics.

基礎：墻面底部通常設置C 型鋼地梁，與混凝土基礎連接，保證墻面穩定性。

Foundation: C-shaped steel ground beams are usually installed at the bottom of the wall, connected to the concrete foundation to ensure the stability of the wall.

連接節點：結構的 “關節”

Connecting nodes: the "joints" of a structure

螺栓連接

bolted connection

最常用，分為普通螺栓（用于次要連接，如檁條與梁）和高強度螺栓（用于主要受力連接，如梁與柱、支撐與梁柱），優點是可拆卸、安裝便捷，無需現場焊接。

The most commonly used bolts are ordinary bolts (used for secondary connections such as purlins and beams) and high-strength bolts (used for primary load-bearing connections such as beams and columns, supports and beams and columns), which have the advantages of being detachable, easy to install, and do not require on-site welding.

焊縫連接

Weld connection

用于受力較大或螺栓難以連接的部位（如 H 型鋼梁的工廠拼接），常見焊縫形式有角焊縫、對接焊縫，需保證焊縫質量（如探傷檢測），避免出現裂紋、未熔合等缺陷。

Used for areas with high stress or difficult to connect with bolts (such as factory splicing of H-beams), common weld forms include fillet welds and butt welds. The quality of the weld must be ensured (such as through non-destructive testing) to avoid defects such as cracks and lack of fusion.